notes to consolidated financial statements NBC Universal, Inc. (NBC Universal) records broadcast and cable television and Internet advertising sales when advertise- ments are aired, net of provision for any viewer shortfalls (make goods). We record sales from theatrical distribution of fi lms as the films are exhibited sales of home videos, net of a return provision, when the videos are shipped and available for sale by retailers fees from cable and satellite operators when services are provided and licensing of film and television programming when we make the material available for airing. Consumer lighting products, home videos and computer hardware and software products are often sold with a right of return. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for such returns when we record the sale. GECS revenues from services (earned income) We use the interest method to recognize income on all loans. Interest on loans includes origination, commitment and other non-refundable fees related to funding (recorded in earned income on the interest method). We stop accruing interest at the earlier of the time at which collection of an account becomes doubtful or the account becomes 90 days past due. We recognize interest income on nonearning loans either as cash is collected or on a cost-recovery basis as conditions warrant. We resume accruing interest on nonearning, non-restructured commercial loans only when (a) payments are brought current according to the loan’s original terms and (b) future payments are reasonably assured. When we agree to restructured terms with the borrower, we resume accruing interest only when reasonably assured that we will recover full contractual payments, and such loans pass underwriting reviews equivalent to those applied to new loans. We resume accruing interest on nonearning consumer loans when the customer’s account is less than 90 days past due. We recognize financing lease income on the interest method to produce a level yield on funds not yet recovered. Estimated unguaranteed residual values at the date of lease inception represent our initial estimates of the fair value of the leased assets at the expiration of the lease and are based primarily on independent appraisals, which are updated periodically. Guarantees of residual values by unrelated third parties are considered part of minimum lease payments. Significant assumptions we use in estimating residual values include estimated net cash fl ows over the remaining lease term, anticipated results of future remarket- ing, and estimated future component part and scrap metal prices, discounted at an appropriate rate. We recognize operating lease income on a straight-line basis over the terms of underlying leases. Fees include commitment fees related to loans that we do not expect to fund and line-of-credit fees. We record these fees in earned income on a straight-line basis over the period to which they relate. We record syndication fees in earned income at the time related services are performed, unless signifi cant contingencies exist. Depreciation and amortization The cost of GE manufacturing plant and equipment is depreciated over its estimated economic life. U.S. assets are depreciated using an accelerated method based on a sum-of-the-years digits formula non-U.S. assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis. The cost of GECS equipment leased to others on operating leases is amortized on a straight-line basis to estimated residual value over the lease term or over the estimated economic life of the equipment. See note 15. NBC Universal film and television costs We defer film and television production costs, including direct costs, production overhead, development costs and interest. We do not defer costs of exploitation, which principally comprise costs of film and television program marketing and distribution. We amortize deferred film and television production costs, as well as associated participation and residual costs, on an individ- ual production basis using the ratio of the current period’s gross revenues to estimated total remaining gross revenues from all sources we state such costs at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Estimates of total revenues and costs are based on anticipated release patterns, public acceptance and historical results for similar products. We defer the costs of acquired broadcast material, including rights to material for use on NBC Universal’s broadcast and cable networks, at the earlier of acqui- sition or when the license period begins and the material is available for use. We amortize acquired broadcast material and rights when we broadcast the associated programs we state such costs at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Losses on financing receivables Our allowance for losses on fi nancing receivables represents our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio. Our method of calculating estimated losses depends on the size, type and risk characteristics of the related receivables. Write- offs are deducted from the allowance for losses and subsequent recoveries are added. Impaired financing receivables are written down to the extent that we judge principal to be uncollectible. Our portfolio consists entirely of homogenous consumer loans and of commercial loans and leases. The underlying assumptions, estimates and assessments we use to provide for losses are continually updated to reflect our view of current conditions. Changes in such estimates can significantly affect the allowance and provision for losses. It is possible to experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates. Our consumer loan portfolio consists of smaller balance, homogenous loans including card receivables, installment loans, auto loans and leases and residential mortgages. We collectively evaluate each portfolio for impairment. The allowance for losses on these receivables is established through a process that estimates the probable losses inherent in the portfolio based upon statistical analyses of portfolio data. These analyses include migration analysis, in which historical delinquency and credit loss experience is applied to the current aging of the portfolio, together with other analyses that reflect current trends and conditions. We also consider overall portfolio indicators including nonearning loans, trends in loan volume and lending terms, credit policies and other observable environmental factors. ge 2006 annual report 75
notes to consolidated financial statements We write off unsecured closed-end installment loans at 120 days contractually past due and unsecured open-ended revolving loans at 180 days contractually past due. We write down consumer loans secured by collateral other than residential real estate to the fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell, when such loans are 120 days past due. Consumer loans secured by residential real estate (both revolving and closed-end loans) are written down to the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell, no later than when they become 360 days past due. Unsecured consumer loans in bankruptcy are written off within 60 days of notification of filing by the bankruptcy court or within contractual write-off periods, whichever occurs earlier. Our commercial loan and lease portfolio consists of a variety of loans and leases, including both larger balance, non-homogenous loans and leases and smaller balance homogenous commercial and equipment loans and leases. Losses on such loans and leases are recorded when probable and estimable. We routinely survey our entire portfolio for potential specific credit or collec- tion issues that might indicate an impairment. For larger balance, non-homogenous loans and leases, this survey fi rst considers the financial status, payment history, collateral value, industry conditions and guarantor support related to specifi c customers. Any delinquencies or bankruptcies are indications of potential impairment requiring further assessment of collectibility. We rou- tinely receive financial, as well as rating agency reports, on our customers, and we elevate for further attention those customers whose operations we judge to be marginal or deteriorating. We also elevate customers for further attention when we observe a decline in collateral values for asset-based loans. While collateral values are not always available, when we observe such a decline, we evaluate relevant markets to assess recovery alternatives — for example, for real estate loans, relevant markets are local for aircraft loans, relevant markets are global. We provide allowances based on our evaluation of all available information, including expected future cash flows, fair value of collateral, net of disposal costs, and the secondary market value of the fi nancing receivables. After providing for specific incurred losses, we then determine an allowance for losses that have been incurred in the balance of the portfolio but cannot yet be identified to a specific loan or lease. This estimate is based on historical and projected default rates and loss severity, and it is prepared by each respective line of business. Experience is not available with new products therefore, while we are developing that experience, we set loss allowances based on our experience with the most closely analogous products in our portfolio. When we repossess collateral in satisfaction of a loan, we write down the receivable against the allowance for losses. Repossessed collateral is included in the caption “All other assets” in the Statement of Financial Position and carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value less costs to sell. The remainder of our commercial loans and leases are portfolios of smaller balance homogenous commercial and equipment positions that we evaluate collectively by portfolio for impairment based upon various statistical analyses considering historical losses and aging. Sales of stock by affiliates We record gains or losses on sales by an affiliate of its own shares as revenue unless realization of gains is not reasonably assured, in which case we record the results in shareowners’ equity. Cash and equivalents Debt securities with original maturities of three months or less are included in cash equivalents unless designated as available- for-sale and classified as investment securities. Investment securities We report investments in debt and marketable equity securities, and equity securities in our insurance portfolio, at fair value based on quoted market prices or, if quoted prices are not available, discounted expected cash flows using market rates commensurate with the credit quality and maturity of the investment. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities are included in shareowners’ equity, net of applicable taxes and other adjustments. We regularly review investment securities for impairment based on both quantitative and qualitative criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market value, the duration of that market decline, our intent and ability to hold to maturity or until forecasted recovery, and the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer. Unrealized losses that are other than temporary are recognized in earnings. Realized gains and losses are accounted for on the specifi c identifi cation method. Inventories All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or realizable values. Cost for a significant portion of GE’s U.S. inventories is determined on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis. Cost of other GE inventories is determined on a fi rst-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. LIFO was used for 48% and 50% of GE inventories at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. GECS inventories consist of finished products held for sale cost is determined on a FIFO basis. Intangible assets We do not amortize goodwill, but test it annually for impairment using a fair value approach at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is the operating segment, or a business one level below that operating segment (the component level) if discrete fi nancial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. However, components are aggregated as a single reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. We recognize an impairment charge for any amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value. We use discounted cash flows to establish fair values. When available and as appropriate, we use comparative market multiples to corroborate discounted cash fl ow results. When all or a portion of a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the gain or loss on disposition using the relative fair value method. 76 ge 2006 annual report
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