management’s discussion and analysis We believe that alternative sources of liquidity are suffi cient to permit an orderly transition from commercial paper in the unlikely event of impaired access to those markets. Funding sources on which we would rely would depend on the nature of such a hypothetical event, but include $59.9 billion of contractually committed lending agreements with 75 highly-rated global banks and investment banks. Total credit lines extending beyond one year increased $2.7 billion to $59.8 billion at December 31, 2006. See note 18. Beyond contractually committed lending agreements, other sources of liquidity include medium and long-term funding, monetization, asset securitization, cash receipts from our lending and leasing activities, short-term secured funding on global assets and potential sales of other assets. PRINCIPAL DEBT CONDITIONS are described below. The following conditions relate to GE and GECS: Swap, forward and option contracts are required to be exe- cuted under master-netting agreements containing mutual downgrade provisions that provide the ability of the counter- party to require assignment or termination if the long-term credit rating of either GE or GECS were to fall below A–/A3. Had this provision been triggered at December 31, 2006, we could have been required to disburse $2.9 billion. If GE Capital’s ratio of earnings to fixed charges, which was 1.64:1 at the end of 2006, were to deteriorate to 1.10:1, GE has committed to contribute capital to GE Capital. GE also guaranteed certain issuances of GECS subordinated debt having a face amount of $0.8 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The following conditions relate to consolidated, liquidating securitization entities: If the short-term credit rating of GE Capital or certain consoli- dated, liquidating securitization entities discussed further in note 28 were to be reduced below A–1/P–1, GE Capital would be required to provide substitute liquidity for those entities or provide funds to retire the outstanding commercial paper. The maximum net amount that GE Capital would be required to provide in the event of such a downgrade is determined by contract, and amounted to $8.0 billion at January 1, 2007. Amounts related to non-consolidated SPEs were $0.6 billion. Under terms of other agreements in effect at December 31, 2006, specified downgrades in the credit ratings of GE Capital could cause us to provide up to $1.1 billion of funding. One group of consolidated SPEs holds high quality investment securities funded by the issuance of guaranteed investment contracts (GICs). If the long-term credit rating of GE Capital were to fall below AA–/Aa3 or its short-term credit rating were to fall below A–1+/P–1, GE Capital could be required to provide up to $4.7 billion of capital to such entities. In our history, we have never violated any of the above con- ditions either at GE, GECS or GE Capital. We believe that under any reasonable future economic developments, the likelihood that any such arrangements could have a significant effect on our operations, cash flows or financial position is remote. Critical Accounting Estimates Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an under- standing of our financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties. For all of these estimates, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as forecast, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Also see note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, which discusses accounting policies that we have selected from acceptable alternatives. LOSSES ON FINANCING RECEIVABLES are recognized when they are incurred, which requires us to make our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio. Such estimate requires consideration of historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions, and judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data, including present economic conditions such as delinquency rates, financial health of specific customers and market sectors, collateral values, and the present and expected future levels of interest rates. Our risk management process, which includes standards and policies for reviewing major risk exposures and concentrations, ensures that relevant data are identified and considered either for individual loans or leases, or on a portfolio basis, as appropriate. Our lending and leasing experience and the extensive data we accumulate and analyze facilitate estimates that have proven reliable over time. Our actual loss experience was in line with expectations for 2006, 2005 and 2004. While prospective losses depend to a large degree on future economic conditions, we do not anticipate significant adverse credit development in 2007. Further information is provided in the Financial Resources and Liquidity Financing Receivables section, the Asset Impairment section that follows and in notes 1, 13 and 14. REVENUE RECOGNITION ON LONG-TERM AGREEMENTS to provide product services (product services agreements) requires estimates of profits over the multiple-year terms of such agreements, considering factors such as the frequency and extent of future monitoring, maintenance and overhaul events the amount of personnel, spare parts and other resources required to perform the services and future billing rate and cost changes. We routinely review estimates under product services agreements and regularly revise them to adjust for changes in outlook. We also regularly assess customer credit risk inherent in the carrying amounts of receivables and contract costs and estimated earnings, including the risk that contractual penalties may not be sufficient to offset our accumulated investment in the event of customer termina- tion. We gain insight into future utilization and cost trends, as well as credit risk, through our knowledge of the installed base of equipment and the close interaction with our customers that comes with supplying critical services and parts over extended periods. Revisions that affect a product services agreement’s total estimated profitability result in an immediate adjustment of earnings. We provide for probable losses. ge 2006 annual report 63
management’s discussion and analysis Carrying amounts for product services agreements in progress at December 31, 2006 and 2005, were $5.6 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively, and are included in the line, “Contract costs and estimated earnings” in note 17. Adjustments to earnings result- ing from revisions to estimates on product services agreements have been insignificant for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2006. Further information is provided in note 1. ASSET IMPAIRMENT assessment involves various estimates and assumptions as follows: INVESTMENTS. We regularly review investment securities for impairment based on both quantitative and qualitative criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market value, the duration of that market decline, our intent and ability to hold to maturity or until forecasted recovery, and the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer. We perform comprehensive market research and analysis and monitor market conditions to identify potential impairments. Further information about actual and potential impairment losses is provided in the Financial Resources and Liquidity Investment Securities section and in notes 1 and 10. LONG-LIVED ASSETS. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Determining whether an impairment has occurred typically requires various estimates and assumptions, including determining which undis- counted cash flows are directly related to the potentially impaired asset, the useful life over which cash flows will occur, their amount, and the asset’s residual value, if any. In turn, measurement of an impairment loss requires a determination of fair value, which is based on the best information available. We derive the required undiscounted cash flow estimates from our historical experience and our internal business plans. To determine fair value, we use our internal cash fl ow estimates discounted at an appropriate interest rate, quoted market prices when available and independent appraisals, as appropriate. Commercial aircraft are a significant concentration of assets in Infrastructure, and are particularly subject to market fl uctuations. Therefore, we test recoverability of each aircraft in our operating lease portfolio at least annually. Additionally, we perform quarterly evaluations in circumstances such as when aircraft are re-leased, current lease terms have changed or a specifi c lessee’s credit standing changes. We consider market conditions, such as the global shortage of commercial aircraft in 2006. Estimates of future rentals and residual values are based on historical experience and information received routinely from independent appraisers. Estimated cash flows from future leases are reduced for expected downtime between leases and for estimated technical costs required to prepare aircraft to be redeployed. Fair value used to measure impairment is based on current market values from independent appraisers. We recognized impairment losses on our operating lease portfolio of commercial aircraft of $0.1 billion and $0.3 billion in 2006 and 2005, respectively. In addition to these impairment charges relating to operating leases, provisions for losses on financing receivables related to commercial aircraft were insig- nificant in 2006 and $0.2 billion in 2005, primarily related to Northwest Airlines Corporation (Northwest Airlines). Certain of our commercial aviation customers are operating under bankruptcy protection while they implement steps to return to profitable operations with a lower cost structure. At December 31, 2006, our largest exposures to carriers operating in bankruptcy were to Delta Air Lines, Inc., $1.9 billion, and Northwest Airlines, $1.1 billion. Our financial exposures to these carriers are substantially secured by various Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier aircraft and operating equipment. Further information on impairment losses and our exposure to the commercial aviation industry is provided in the Operations Overview section and in notes 10, 15 and 29. REAL ESTATE. We regularly review our real estate investment portfolio for impairment or when events or circumstances indi- cate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Our portfolio is diversified, both geographically and by asset type. However, the global real estate market is subject to periodic cycles that can cause signifi cant fluctuations in market values. While the current estimated value of our Commercial Finance Real Estate investments exceeds our carrying value by about $3.0 billion, the same as last year, downward cycles could adversely affect our ability to realize these gains in an orderly fashion in the future and may necessitate recording impairments. GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS. We test goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate or a decision to sell or dispose all or a portion of a reporting unit. Determining whether an impairment has occurred requires valuation of the respective reporting unit, which we estimate using a discounted cash flow method. When available and as appropriate, we use comparative market multiples to corrobo- rate discounted cash flow results. In applying this methodology, we rely on a number of factors, including actual operating results, future business plans, economic projections and market data. If this analysis indicates goodwill is impaired, measuring the impairment requires a fair value estimate of each identifi ed tangible and intangible asset. In this case, we supplement the cash flow approach discussed above with independent appraisals, as appropriate. We test other identified intangible assets with defi ned useful lives and subject to amortization by comparing the carrying amount to the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. We test intangible assets with indefi nite lives annually for impairment using a fair value method such as discounted cash fl ows. Further information is provided in the Financial Resources and Liquidity Intangible Assets section and in notes 1 and 16. 64 ge 2006 annual report
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